Estado actual del emprendimiento estudiantil desde la perspectiva de una universidad rural en Sudáfrica.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35564/jmbe.2025.0014Palabras clave:
emprendimiento, desarrollo, innovación, comunidad rural, estudiantesResumen
El emprendimiento estudiantil es ampliamente reconocido hoy en día como un catalizador para la creación de empleo, el desarrollo económico y la reducción de la pobreza tanto en Sudáfrica como en el resto del mundo. A pesar de este reconocimiento, los estudiantes de universidades ubicadas en zonas rurales del país rara vez participan en actividades de emprendimiento e innovación. Sin embargo, las razones detrás de esta escasa participación son poco conocidas. Teniendo esto en cuenta, el presente estudio buscó comprender el estado actual y las dinámicas del emprendimiento estudiantil en la Universidad de Venda, situada en el distrito rural de Vhembe. Se llevó a cabo un estudio de caso cualitativo con el fin de descubrir en profundidad aspectos poco explorados del emprendimiento estudiantil, tales como sus aspiraciones emprendedoras, los desafíos que enfrentan, las iniciativas universitarias para fomentar el emprendimiento y posibles sugerencias para promover el desarrollo empresarial de los estudiantes. Para ello, se adoptó un enfoque cualitativo. Los datos se recopilaron mediante una guía de entrevistas semi-estructuradas con preguntas abiertas. Veinte estudiantes, desde primer año hasta nivel doctoral, participaron en el estudio. Los resultados revelaron que las aspiraciones emprendedoras de los estudiantes están estrechamente relacionadas con las oportunidades disponibles en el entorno rural, como el patrimonio cultural, el turismo y la oferta de productos y servicios para estudiantes. No obstante, desafíos clave como la falta de modelos a seguir en el ámbito emprendedor, el capital limitado y una deficiente gestión del tiempo obstaculizan el crecimiento de sus iniciativas. En este contexto, las iniciativas impulsadas por la universidad aún resultan insuficientes para abordar dichos desafíos. Por tanto, se requiere un esfuerzo conjunto para ofrecer soluciones informadas por los propios estudiantes y adaptadas al entorno rural, con el fin de promover el desarrollo del emprendimiento y de una mentalidad emprendedora.
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