Master’s degrees at Spanish public universities: An explanatory efficiency model
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35564/jmbe.2025.0025Palabras clave:
efficiency, data envelopment analysis, higher education, master's degrees, qualityResumen
La competencia entre universidades es cada vez mayor y los Masters de las universidades están en el punto de mira. La eficiencia de estos títulos afecta sin duda al éxito de la universidad, ya que tiene importantes implicaciones para su prestigio y el resto de actuaciones y estrategias de la universidad. Este trabajo se propone identificar qué variables (tanto de gestión como de contexto) sirven para mejorar su eficiencia de la oferta de títulos de máster de una universidad.
Para ello, utilizamos un método de investigación en tres pasos: en primer lugar, aplicamos un proceso Delphi para identificar los inputs-outputs para determinar la eficiencia. A partir de las propuestas realizadas por expertos desarrollamos un indicador específico denominado Eficiencia Económica Transitoria Orientada al Estudiante Ajustada a la Calidad (SETEQ), que incluye la calidad como un output, siendo una aportación metodológica frente a la literatura tradicional. En segundo lugar, se realiza un Análisis Envolvente de Datos (DEA) como metodología para establecer un ranking de eficiencia de las universidades con respecto a sus títulos de máster. En tercer lugar, proponemos un modelo de moderación que permite relacionar la eficiencia de los masters con las diferentes estrategias seguidas por las universidades (factores de gestión directa) para conocer aquellas estrategias que se muestran más efectivas. Este modelo recoge efectos moderadores (factores contextuales) que condicionan la efectividad de estas estrategias. Nuestros resultados muestran que los másteres son más eficientes cuando el sistema de garantía de calidad es flexible y las autoridades regionales son proactivas en materia de educación.
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